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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Rhythmic movement of the body, usually
performed in time to music. Its primary
purpose may be religious, magical, martial,
social, or artistic - the last two being
characteristic of nontraditional societies.
The pre-Christian era had a strong tradition
of ritual dance, and ancient Greek dance
still exerts an influence on dance movement
today. Although Western folk and social
dances have a long history, the Eastern dance
tradition long predates the Western. The
European Classical tradition dates from the
15th century in Italy, the first printed
dance text from 16th-century France, and the
first dance school in Paris from the 17th
century. The 18th century saw the development
of European Classical ballet as we know it
today, and the 19th century saw the rise of
Romantic ballet. In the 20th century many
divergent styles and ideas have grown from a
willingness to explore a variety of
techniques and amalgamate different
traditions. history European dance is
relatively young in comparison to that of the
rest of the world. The first Indian book on
dancing, the Natya Sastra, existed a thousand
years before its European counterpart. The
bugaku dances of Japan, with orchestra
accompaniment, date from the 7th century and
are still performed at court. When the Peking
(Beijing) Opera dancers first astonished
Western audiences during the 1950s, they were
representatives of a tradition stretching
back to 740, the year in which Emperor Ming
Huang established the Pear Garden Academy.
The first comparable European institution,
L'Academie royale de danse, was founded by
Louis XIV 1661. Social dances have always
tended to rise upward through the social
scale; for example, the medieval court dances
derived from peasant country dances. One form
of dance tends to typify a whole period, thus
the galliard represents the 16th century, the
minuet the 18th, the waltz the 19th, and
perhaps the quickstep the 20th. The nine
dances of the modern world championships in
ballroom dancing are the standard four
(waltz, foxtrot, tango, and quickstep), the
Latin-American styles (samba, rumba,
cha-cha-cha, and paso doble), and the
Viennese waltz. A British development since
the 1930s, which has spread to some extent
abroad, is `formation' dancing in which each
team (usually eight couples) performs a
series of ballroom steps in strict
coordination. Popular dance crazes have
included the jitterbug in the 1940s, jive in
the 1950s, the twist in the 1960s, disco
dancing in the 1970s, and break dancing in
the 1980s. In general, since the 1960s
popular dance in the West has moved away from
any prescribed sequence of movements and
physical contact between participants, the
dancers performing as individuals with no
distinction between the male and the female
role. Dances requiring skilled athletic
performance, such as the hustle and the New
Yorker, have been developed. In Classical
dance, the second half of the 20th century
has seen a great cross-fertilization from
dances of other cultures. Troupes have
visited the West, not only from the USSR and
Eastern Europe, but from such places as
Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Nigeria, and
Senegal. In the 1970s jazz dance, pioneered
in the USA by Matt Mattox, became popular. It
includes elements of ballet, modern, tap,
Indian classical, Latin American, and
Afro-American dance, and may be summed up as
`free-style dance'. DATE BALLET COMPOSER
CHOREOGRAPHER PLACE 1670 Le Bourgeois Lully
Beauchamp Chambord Gentilhomme 1735 Les Indes
Rameau Blondy Paris Galantes 1761 Don Juan
Gluck Angiolini Vienna 1778 Les Petits Mozart
Noverre Paris Riens 1801 The
CreaturesBeethoven Vigano Vienna of
Prometheus 1828 La Fille Mal Herold Aumer
Paris Gardee 1832 La Sylphide Schneitzhoeffer
F. Taglioni Paris 1841 Giselle Adam
Coralli/Perrot Paris 1842 Napoli Gade/Paulli
Bournonville Copenhagen Helsted/Lumbye
1844 La Esmeralda Pugni Perrot London 1869
Don Quixote Minkus M. Petipa Moscow 1870
Coppelia Delibes Saint-Leon Paris 1876 Sylvia
Delibes Merante Paris
1877 La Bayadere Minkus M. Petipa St
Petersburg 1877 Swan Lake Tchaikovsky
Reisinger Moscow 1882 Namounaf11> Lalo L.
Petipa Paris 1890 The Sleeping Tchaikovsky M.
Petipa St Petersburg Beauty
1892 Nutcracker Tchaikovsky M. Petipa/ St
Petersburg Ivanov 1898 Raymonda Glazunov
M.Petipa St Petersburg 1905 The Dying Swan
Saint-Saens Fokine St Petersburg 1907 Les
Sylphides Chopin Fokine St Petersburg 1910
Carnival Schumann Fokine St Petersburg 1910
The Firebird Stravinsky Fokine Paris 1911
Petrushka Stravinsky Fokine Paris 1911 Le
Spectre de Weber Fokine Monte Carlo la Rose
1912 L'Apres-midi Debussy Nijinsky Paris d'un
Faune 1912 Daphnis and Ravel Fokine Paris
Chloe 1913 Jeux Debussy Nijinsky Paris
1913 The Rite of Stravinsky Nijinsky Paris
Spring 1915 El Amor Brujo Falla Imperio
Madrid 1917 Parade Satie Massine Paris
1919 La Boutique Rossini/ Massine London
Fantasque Respighi 1919 The Three- Falla
Massini London Cornered Hat 1923 The Creation
Milhaud Borlin Paris of the World 1923 Les
Noces Stravinsky Nijinska Paris 1924 Les
Biches Poulenc Nijinska Monte Carlo 1927 The
Red Poppy Gliere Lashchilin/ Moscow
Tikhomirov 1928 Apollon Stravinsky Balanchine
Paris Musagete 1928 Le Baiser de Tchaikovsky
Nijinska Paris la fee 1928 Bolero Ravel
Nijinska Paris
1929 The Prodigal Prokofiev Balanchine Paris
Son 1929 La Valse Ravel Nijinska Monte Carlo
1931 Bacchus Roussel Lifar Paris and Ariadne
1931 Facade Walton Ashton London
1931 Job Vaughan de Valois London Williams
1937 Checkmate Bliss de Valois Paris 1937 Les
Patineurs Meyerbeer/ Ashton London Lambert
1938 Billy the Kid Copland Loring Chicago
1938 Gaite Offenbach/ Massine Monte Carlo
Parisienne Rosenthal
1938 Romeo and Prokofiev Psota Brno, Moravia
Juliet 1942 Gayaneh Khachaturian Anisimova
Molotov-Perm 1942 The Miraculous Bartok
Milloss Milan Mandarin 1942 Rodeo Copland de
Mille New York
1944 Appalachian Copland Graham Washington
Spring 1944 Fancy Free Bernstein Robbins New
York 1945 Cinderella Prokofiev Zakharov
Moscow 1949 Carmen Bizet Petit London
1951 Pineapple Poll Sullivan/ Cranko London
Mackerras 1956 Spartacus Khachaturian
Jacobson Leningrad 1957 Agon Stravinsky
Balanchine New York 1959 Episodes Webern
Balanchine New York 1962 A Midsummer
Mendelssohn Balanchine New York Night's Dream
1962 Pierrot Lunaire Schoenberg Tetley New
York 1964 The Dream Mendelssohn/ Ashton
London Lanchbery 1965 The Song of Mahler
MacMillan Stuttgart the Earth 1967 Anastasia
Martinu MacMillan New York 1968 Enigma Elgar
Ashton London Variations 1969 The Taming of
Stolze/ Cranko Stuttgart the Shrew Scarlatti
1972 Duo Concertant Stravinsky Balanchine New
York 1974 Elite Jopolin, etc MacMillan London
Syncopations 1976 A Month in the Chopin/
Ashton London Country Lanchbery 1978
Mayerling Liszt/ MacMillan London Lanchbery
1978 Symphony of Stravinsky Kylian
Scheveningen, Psalms The Netherlands
1980 Gloria Poulenc MacMillan London 1980
Rhapsody Rachmaninov Ashton London